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Entangled SocietyObservatory of Consequences

COMPARATIVE CASE C10

Chinese / 中文 / 中国語

Guanxi / 关系

When Relationships Do Institutional Work

← Back to Language-Born Culture

Observation / Hypothesis

Shared Frame

Language to Protocol

  1. 01

    Language

  2. 02

    Emotion

  3. 03

    Body

  4. 04

    Community

  5. 05

    Style

  6. 06

    Protocol

Language → Emotion → Body → Community → Style → Global Protocol

Case Variation

Conditions to Institutional Work

  1. 01

    Institutional Conditions

  2. 02

    Access / Uncertainty Problem

  3. 03

    Relational Tie

  4. 04

    Repeated Exchange

  5. 05

    Reciprocal Expectation

  6. 06

    Coordination / Access

  7. 07

    Institutional Work

Institutional Conditions → Uncertainty / Access Problem → Relational Tie → Repeated Exchange → Reciprocal Expectation → Coordination → Institutional Work

01. Relation

01. Relation

Compadrazgo / Guanxi

Institution-like / Institutional Work

  1. 01

    Compadrazgo: Ritual Event → Named Role → Obligation → Institution-like Stability

  2. 02

    Guanxi: Repeated Interaction ↔ Relational Tie ↔ Institutional Conditions → Coordination / Access

02. Naming

02. Naming

Hypothesis

Language Position

How Language-Born Is Guanxi?

  1. 01

    Institutional Environment + Networks + Exchange + Norms

  2. 02

    Relational Practice

  3. 03

    Language / Conceptual Recognition

03. Institutional Conditions

03. Institutional Conditions

04. Repeated Interaction

04. Repeated Interaction

Reverse Pathway

Repetition → Tie

  1. 01

    Repeated Interaction

  2. 02

    Trustworthiness Assessment

  3. 03

    Relational Tie

  4. 04

    Obligation / Access

05. Trust / Trustworthiness

05. Trust / Trustworthiness

06. Reciprocity / Obligation

06. Reciprocity / Obligation

07. Access / Coordination

07. Access / Coordination

  • uncertainty reduction
  • information circulation
  • access mediation
  • coordination
  • trustworthiness assessment
  • informal enforcement
  • resource mobilization
  • dispute avoidance
  • expectation stabilization

08. Boundary

08. Boundary

09. Institutional Work

09. Institutional Work

Substitute / Complement / Co-production

Does Guanxi Replace Institutions?

  1. 01

    A Substitute: Insufficient Formal Support → Relationship Network → Institutional Work

  2. 02

    B Complement: Formal Institution + Relationship Network → Coordination

  3. 03

    C Co-production: Formal Rules ↔ Relationship Networks ↔ Behavior

10. Mutation

10. Mutation

Comparison

Guanxi ≠ Trust

Relational Tie

Trust / Trustworthiness

Comparison

Reciprocity ≠ Equal Exchange

Reciprocity

Equal / Market Exchange

Comparison

Access / Exclusion

For Insiders

For Outsiders

Comparison

Named Relation ≠ Created Relation

Named

Created

Informal Enforcement

Informal Enforcement

  • Expectation + Reputation + Future Interaction → Informal Enforcement
  • No Formal Enforcement ≠ No Institution
  • Informal Enforcement ≠ Formal Accountability

Institutional Models

Substitute / Complement / Co-production

  • Substitute — formal supportが不十分な条件で関係が機能を代替
  • Complement — formal rulesがあっても関係が協調を補助
  • Co-production — 制度が関係利用の条件を作り、関係実践が制度運用を変える

Institutional Work Candidates

What Work Might Relations Perform?

  • uncertainty reduction
  • information circulation
  • access mediation
  • coordination
  • trustworthiness assessment
  • informal enforcement
  • resource mobilization
  • dispute avoidance
  • expectation stabilization

Senpai / Compadrazgo / Guanxi

Three Comparative Hypotheses

  • Senpai / Kohai — Role Classification
  • Compadrazgo — Role Institution / Relationship Institution
  • Guanxi — Relational Coordination / Institutional Work

Mechanism Test M01 — Naming

Mechanism Test M01 — Naming

  • Initial hypothesis: Present

Mechanism Test M02 — Framing

Mechanism Test M02 — Framing

  • Initial hypothesis: Strong

Mechanism Test M03 — Compression

Mechanism Test M03 — Compression

  • Initial hypothesis: Present / Secondary

Mechanism Test M04 — Repetition

Mechanism Test M04 — Repetition

  • Initial hypothesis: Strong

Mechanism Test M05 — Boundary

Mechanism Test M05 — Boundary

  • Initial hypothesis: Strong

Mechanism Test M06 — Embodiment

Mechanism Test M06 — Embodiment

  • Initial hypothesis: Secondary / Not central

Mechanism Test M07 — Norm Formation

Mechanism Test M07 — Norm Formation

  • Initial hypothesis: Strong

Mechanism Test M08 — Transmission / Mutation

Mechanism Test M08 — Transmission / Mutation

  • Initial hypothesis: Present

Cause / Infrastructure / Symptom / Amplifier

Four Positions

  • Cause — repeated interactionやreciprocal practiceが関係を形成
  • Infrastructure — institutional environmentとsocial networkが関係利用を可能にする
  • Symptom — 制度的不確実性やアクセス格差が关系利用として表れる
  • Amplifier — naming / reputation / repetition / future obligationがtieの影響を強める

Do Not Create M09 Institution

Institution as Outcome / Dimension

Research Anchors

Research Anchors

Mutation Model

Origin to Circulation

  1. 01

    Origin

  2. 02

    Practice

  3. 03

    Mutation

  4. 04

    Circulation

Market

Access / Coordination Circulation

Institutional Work Path

  1. 01

    Institutional conditions

  2. 02

    Relational tie

  3. 03

    Repeated exchange

  4. 04

    Reciprocal expectation

  5. 05

    Coordination / access

Mutation Path

  1. 01

    Domain / period practice

  2. 02

    Institutional change

  3. 03

    Reinterpreted expectations

  4. 04

    Altered access pattern

Counter Hypotheses

Counter Hypotheses

  • AFormal Institutions Are Sufficient

    Formal Institutions Are Sufficient

  • BExisting Social Network

    Existing Social Network

  • CEconomic Incentive

    Economic Incentive

  • DOrganizational Position

    Organizational Position

  • EReputation

    Reputation

  • FRepetition

    Repetition

  • GInequality

    Inequality

  • HInstitutional Change

    Institutional Change

  • IDomain Variation

    Domain Variation

  • JEntanglement

    Entanglement

Current Case Axis

Institutional Conditions → Relational Tie → Repeated Exchange → Reciprocity → Coordination → Institutional Work

Connected Observatories

Connections

Research Questions

Research Questions

When do relationships begin to perform the work of institutions?